180 Degree Rule
This means that the camera stays within a 180 degree field. It is used to establish a scene so the audience can make sense of it. It is helpful in a scene where a conversation between two people takes place. The 180 degree enables us to identify which person is speaking, and we know that one person should be facing left and the other facing right. If the 180 degree rule was broken, this would change and would confuse the audience.
Sometimes the rule can be broken. If it is to purposely confuse the audience for a certain reason or to establish 'sides'. I.e. Good and bad.
Foreground and Background
Framing
The action should be taking place in the cross sections where the viewers eyes are drawn to. Keeping in mind, the rule of thirds. It is more effective not to have the main action in the centre of the frame.
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